Types of Computer on the basis of Brand.

 

आजसम्म विभिन्न प्रकारका कम्प्युटरहरू म्भखभयिउ भएका छन्। आज कम्प्युटरहरूलाई तिनीहरूको क्षमता र प्रयोगको आधारमा वर्गीकृत गरिन्छ । जस्तै कार्य, साइज, ब्रान्ड र मोडेल अनुसार कम्प्युटरहरूलाई निम्न प्रकारका रूपमा वर्गीकृत गरिएको छ। 

1) On the basis of size             2) On the basis of  Work

3) On the basis of  Brand        4) On the basis of Model

i) IBM PC

ii) IBM compatible

iii) Apple/ Macintosh

i) IBM PC

The IBM PC, or International Business Machines Personal Computer, holds a significant place in the history of computing as one of the pioneering personal computer platforms. Introduced by IBM in 1981, the IBM PC set a standard for compatibility and openness that influenced the entire PC industry.

Here are some key aspects of the IBM PC:

Origins and Development: In the late 1970s, IBM recognized the emerging market for personal computers and aimed to enter the space with its own product. Rather than developing the hardware and software entirely in-house, IBM chose an open architecture approach, allowing third-party vendors to contribute components and peripherals. This decision contributed to the widespread adoption of the IBM PC and the establishment of a vibrant ecosystem of compatible hardware and software.


Hardware Specifications: The original IBM PC featured an 8088 microprocessor running at 4.77 MHz, 16 KB of RAM (expandable to 256 KB), and used floppy disks for storage. It also included an open expansion bus, known as the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), which allowed users to add expansion cards for additional functionality such as graphics, sound, and networking.


Operating System: The IBM PC initially shipped with PC DOS (later branded as MS-DOS), an operating system developed by Microsoft. PC DOS provided a command-line interface for users to interact with the computer and run software applications. The availability of PC DOS on the IBM PC platform played a significant role in establishing Microsoft as a dominant player in the software industry.


Impact and Legacy: The IBM PC's open architecture and compatibility with third-party hardware and software contributed to its rapid adoption by businesses and consumers alike. It became the de facto standard for personal computing, leading to the proliferation of IBM-compatible (or "clone") PCs from other manufacturers. The IBM PC's legacy is evident in the continued dominance of the x86 architecture and the prevalence of Microsoft Windows as the primary operating system for PCs.


Evolution: Over the years, IBM continued to release new models and iterations of the IBM PC, including the IBM PC XT, AT, PS/2, and later the ThinkPad line of laptops. While IBM eventually sold its personal computer division to Lenovo in 2005, the IBM PC's influence and legacy continue to shape the modern computing landscape.

The IBM PC's introduction marked a pivotal moment in the history of computing, democratizing access to computing power and laying the groundwork for the PC revolution that followed. Its open architecture and compatibility paved the way for a diverse ecosystem of hardware and software, fueling innovation and driving the rapid evolution of personal computing.

Computers can be categorized based on various criteria, and one common classification is by brand. Here are some types of computers based on the brands that manufacture them:

ii) IBM Compatible

An IBM compatible computer, also known as a PC clone or simply a PC, refers to a computer system that is designed to be compatible with the original IBM PC and its architecture. These computers adhere to hardware and software standards established by IBM, allowing them to run the same operating systems and software applications as the original IBM PC.

Here are some key aspects of IBM compatible computers:

Compatibility: IBM compatible computers are designed to be compatible with the hardware and software standards established by IBM for the original IBM PC. This includes using the same processor architecture (initially the Intel x86 family), expansion bus (such as ISA, PCI, or PCIe), and BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).


Open Architecture: One of the defining features of IBM compatible computers is their open architecture, which allows for interoperability with a wide range of third-party hardware and software. This open approach contrasts with the closed, proprietary systems of some other computer manufacturers.


Operating Systems: IBM compatible computers can run a variety of operating systems, including PC DOS, MS-DOS, and later versions of Microsoft Windows, as well as various flavors of Linux and Unix. This versatility in operating system support contributed to the widespread adoption of IBM compatible computers in both consumer and business environments.


Hardware Compatibility: IBM compatible computers are designed to accommodate a wide range of hardware peripherals and expansion cards, including graphics cards, sound cards, network adapters, and storage devices. This flexibility in hardware configuration allows users to customize their systems to meet their specific needs and preferences.


Evolution: Over the years, the term "IBM compatible" has evolved to encompass a broad range of computer systems that adhere to IBM's original standards, as well as subsequent standards and specifications established by industry organizations such as the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the USB Implementers Forum.


Market Dominance: IBM compatible computers became dominant in the personal computer market, largely due to their open architecture, compatibility with a wide range of software, and competitive pricing. Today, the vast majority of personal computers sold worldwide are IBM compatible systems.

In summary, IBM compatible computers have played a central role in the democratization of computing, providing users with affordable, versatile, and interoperable systems that have become ubiquitous in homes, businesses, and educational institutions around the world. Their open architecture and compatibility have fostered a thriving ecosystem of hardware and software innovation, driving continuous advancements in computing technology.

iii) Apple Computers: Apple is a prominent brand known for its sleek design, user-friendly interfaces, and integration across its product ecosystem. The primary types of computers offered by Apple include:

Macintosh (Mac) Desktops: These include the iMac, Mac Mini, and Mac Pro. They are known for their powerful performance, elegant design, and seamless integration with macOS.


MacBook Laptops: Apple offers a range of MacBook laptops, including the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro, known for their lightweight design, long battery life, and high-resolution displays.


iPad Tablets: While not traditional computers, iPads run on iOS/iPadOS and offer a range of productivity and entertainment features, blurring the lines between tablets and laptops.


Microsoft Computers: Microsoft is known for its Windows operating system, which is used by a wide range of computer manufacturers. However, Microsoft also produces its own line of computers, including:

Surface Tablets and Laptops: The Surface lineup includes tablets such as the Surface Pro and hybrid devices like the Surface Book, which offer versatility and productivity features like detachable keyboards and touch screens.


Surface Studio Desktop: This all-in-one desktop computer is designed for creative professionals, featuring a high-resolution touch screen display that can be adjusted for drawing and designing tasks.


Dell Computers: Dell is a well-known manufacturer of PCs catering to both consumer and enterprise markets. Some types of Dell computers include:

Inspiron and XPS Desktops/Laptops: The Inspiron lineup offers budget-friendly options for consumers, while the XPS series targets high-performance users with premium build quality and advanced features.


Alienware Gaming PCs: Dell owns Alienware, a brand known for its high-performance gaming computers, including desktops and laptops with powerful hardware configurations and customizable RGB lighting.


HP (Hewlett-Packard) Computers: HP offers a diverse range of computers for consumers, businesses, and enterprises, including:

HP Pavilion and Envy: These are consumer-grade laptops and desktops that offer a balance of performance and affordability.


HP EliteBook and ProBook: These are business-grade laptops known for their durability, security features, and enterprise-level support.


Lenovo Computers: Lenovo is a multinational technology company that produces a variety of computers, including:

ThinkPad Laptops: Originally developed by IBM, ThinkPad laptops are known for their legendary durability, excellent keyboards, and robust security features, making them popular among business users.


IdeaPad Laptops: IdeaPad laptops are designed for consumers and offer a blend of performance, affordability, and stylish design.

These are just a few examples of the types of computers available based on brand. Each brand offers a range of products tailored to different user needs, preferences, and budgets.